Architecture: Tiago do Vale Architects
Architecture Team: Tiago do Vale, with Maria João Araújo, Camille Martin, Priscilla Moreira, Florisa Novo Rodrigues, Teresa Vilar, Clementina Silva, Hugo Quintela, Adriana Gomes
Project Year: 2018-2020
Program: Residential
Location: Braga, Portugal
Client: Filipe Costa
Engineering: SIPC L.da
Construction: Construbox
Construction Year: 2020-2021
Footprint: 1022 ft2 (95 m2)
Construction Area: 1432 ft2 (133 m2)
Photography: João Morgado
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About Studio
“It is not completely wrong to say that there is a certain informality in the architecture of Tiago do Vale. There is a kind of rejection of schools, currents, or movements – even the modern, at least in a rationalized way. The style does not count, but the relationship between the work and life does.
This does not mean that the design of this office is light: quite the contrary, it is a design supported by deeply critical, discerning, and genuine responses to each circumstance, in responses more interested in appropriation, sensitivity, and continuity with the built culture, avoiding uncritical formal or conceptual limitations that impoverish the range of possibilities for the work. This is where the cohesion of this body of work comes from.
Following these principles, each project is a rehabilitation exercise: if there is a building, its merits, its history, its construction techniques, its values, and its physical context and culture become the foundation for the most surgical ( but transformative) intervention, allowing to prolong the history (which is intended to be continuous and linear) of the building towards the future; if we find an empty space, the emptiness is rehabilitated according to the exact same principles, trying to reach the exact same objectives.
Thus, this practice proposes, in reality, that architecture ceases to be a circularly self-referenced object, both in its design and in its thinking, and that it once again becomes a part and product of the culture in which it operates.”
The Saint Adrian House is a balancing exercise between opposing needs. The Duarte Pacheco Quarter where it stands, built between 1935 and 1939, was part of the “Estado Novo” (the authoritarian regime that ruled Portugal from 1933 to 1974) social housing policies in a moment of severe lack of residences with minimal hygiene and health standards for the most excluded and disadvantaged classes.
Built under a modest “Português Suave” (Soft Portuguese) style (a state-stipulated national architecture style), these economic houses had granite masonry foundations and exterior walls, as well as wood floor and roof structures. Volumetrically very simple, they featured flat façades with simulated stonework details elaborated with mortar.
These Economic House Quarters are relevant documents of the “Estado Novo” urbanism but most of them, perceived as valueless, are already too dilapidated and altered to enable a conservation approach.
The houses’ typologies are too removed from contemporary living standards: the difficulty of making them give a competent answer to current and future needs -suffering from incredibly small and very compartmentalized areas, functional shortcomings and very low comfort standards- is the main reason why most of these houses have been partially destroyed by aggressive modifications and expansions.
In consequence, an important part of the project’s approach was to bring back elements of the original construction that were already lost, while designing its functional transformation in a way that wouldn’t compromise its original values and identity. Though exterior thermal insolation was applied to allow a contemporary thermal performance, all of the simulated stonework details were recovered.
Contemporary thermally-broken window frames were installed, and the rigid, arbitrary “Estado Novo” color palette was surpassed with new colors. There was also a small annex garage present. This diminutive construction was slightly enlarged, matching the neighbor’s volume: this allowed for the creation of an office, easily adaptable to become an accessible bedroom if needed.
Both constructions are connected by a very light gallery, keeping all circulations interior while maintaining the perception of the pre-existing independent volumes. Inside, while keeping the original programmatic distribution (and all the pre-existent infrastructural locations) the plans were redesigned and fine-tuned in order to produce the most livable, comfortable, and efficient layout.
The pine floorboards and white walls, maximizing the spatial perception and the natural light, were brought back, and Estremoz marble elements were introduced in the wet areas, with a very pragmatic and low-cost approach.
On the ground floor, comprising of the social spaces, the approach was to remove all the compartmentation, to integrate the small basement space (that still displays the original construction system) with the living areas of the house, and to redesign the staircase leading to the top floor in the most efficient form (fitting under it the kitchen and hiding both a half bathroom and a service area).
The sleeping quarters are located on the top floor, where the bedroom layout was tweaked in order to make them identical, with a mechanized dividing wall receding up into the ceiling to create a large suite. The Saint Adrian House, in its genesis, intended to offer just the bare minimum in comfort, health, and hygiene under the standards of its time -standards that today, by themselves, would be considered unbearable.
This project, by consequence, aimed at not only producing an adequately performing construction for today (with the added challenge of not defacing the building, compromising its original merits and identity) but also, especially, to design inside its minimal areas a rich and pleasurable inhabiting experience, a home with a place for comfort, for serenity, and for spaciousness.
In a context where limitations are always present, there had to be space for memory, for aesthetic experience, for the play of light over its interesting shapes, and for poetry.