Oregon has seen a surge in the number of very high-income households over the past decade. In fact, the number of Oregonians earning more than $500,000 per year nearly tripled, rising from roughly 6,000 a decade ago to almost 18,000 by 2020. Even during the pandemic year of 2020 – a time of high unemployment for many – the count of $500K+ earners jumped about 11% from 2019.
These households represent roughly the top one percent of earners in the state. This growth far outpaced Oregon’s general population increase and greatly exceeded income gains at lower levels. In other words, high earners have become much more common in Oregon, boosting the ranks of wealthy potential homebuyers.
This rise in wealthy households provides important context for homebuying trends. Oregon’s median household income is around $80,000, so an annual income above $500,000 is over six times higher than what a typical family earns. Because their incomes are so large, these top-earning households can afford homes that most people cannot.
Over the last five years especially, they have played a growing role in the real estate market. While many ordinary families struggled with job losses and slow income growth, the state’s richest residents generally saw their incomes climb and their wealth expand. This created a bigger class of buyers able to purchase expensive homes.
High-Income Homeownership Patterns
Homeownership Rates Among the Wealthy
Nearly all households in this elite income bracket are homeowners. In Oregon overall, about 63% of all households are owner-occupied (with the rest renting). But among families earning half a million dollars a year, the homeownership rate is even higher – virtually everyone in this group can and does buy a home if they want one.
High earners typically have excellent credit, substantial savings for down payments, and the ability to qualify for large mortgages. Many can even pay cash for properties. As a result, homeownership is a given for most of these wealthy households, unlike for lower-income families who may struggle to afford a first home.
Premium Housing Preferences
Because they have such resources, $500K+ earners tend to buy large or upscale homes. These might be luxury houses in prime Portland neighborhoods, spacious estates on the outskirts, or high-end condominiums with premium amenities. The homes often feature more square footage, modern upgrades, and larger lots than the average Oregon home.
For example, Portland-area suburbs known for affluent residents – such as Bethany, West Linn, or Lake Oswego – have many homes owned by high-income professionals. In Bethany (an upscale community west of Portland), about 19% of households earned over $200,000 even a few years ago, far above the state average. This signals clusters of wealth where a significant share of residents have very high incomes and expensive houses. Overall, wealthy buyers gravitate toward exclusive neighborhoods or communities with top schools, low crime, and high property values.
Luxury Home Buying Boom (2020–2021)
Pandemic-Era Market Acceleration
In the last five years, and especially during 2020 and 2021, Oregon experienced a boom in luxury home sales driven by affluent buyers. Several factors came together to boost high-end homebuying during the pandemic.
First, mortgage interest rates dropped to historically low levels in 2020 and 2021. Low rates reduced borrowing costs, even on large loans, which made it easier for wealthy families to finance expensive properties.
Second, many high earners transitioned to remote work, giving them flexibility to live anywhere. Some chose to relocate from higher-cost regions (like California’s Bay Area or Seattle) to Oregon, bringing their high salaries with them. Others already living in Oregon seized the opportunity to upgrade to bigger homes since they were spending more time there.
Third, unlike many hourly and lower-wage workers, most top earners kept their jobs (or even saw income gains) during the pandemic. Their financial stability and strong stock market gains meant they had both the confidence and the cash to purchase real estate.
Record Growth in High-End Sales
The result was a surge in purchases at the top of the market. According to an analysis by Redfin, sales of luxury homes jumped 41.6% year-over-year in the first quarter of 2021. This growth far outpaced every other price segment. By comparison, sales of the most affordable homes rose only about 7% in that same period.
In other words, high-end home sales were booming about six times faster than entry-level home sales. Wealthy buyers took advantage of favorable conditions to snag premium properties. Redfin’s chief economist noted that affluent Americans with remote-work flexibility and steady paychecks were buying up high-end houses at a rapid clip. At the same time, many lower-income Americans had lost jobs or income and simply could not afford to buy homes. This created a stark contrast: Oregon’s richest households were actively buying real estate, while families with modest means were being left behind in the frenzy.
Regional Luxury Hotspots
Specific examples of this luxury boom were visible across Oregon. In Portland’s West Hills and affluent suburbs, million-dollar listings were snapped up quickly in 2020–21. Bend, a scenic city in Central Oregon, saw an influx of high-paid remote workers and retirees driving up its home prices. The median sale price in Bend hit roughly $700,000 by 2023, as upscale homes in the area became hot commodities.
On the Oregon Coast, from Cannon Beach down to Newport, wealthy buyers sought out oceanfront and bay-view homes as peaceful retreats, further bidding up prices. Statewide, housing demand was so strong that even with more homes coming onto the market, prices kept climbing. Listing prices in Oregon rose over $140,000 (34%) from 2019 to 2023 – a remarkable jump in just four years.
This rapid appreciation was fueled in large part by well-off buyers competing for a limited supply of homes. Many sellers received multiple offers, often above asking price, and cash offers from high-income purchasers were common. The pandemic-era buying spree firmly established that Oregon’s wealthiest households could significantly influence the housing market when conditions were in their favor.
Shifting Market Conditions (2022–2024)
Interest Rate Impacts
By late 2021 and into 2022, some of the factors driving the luxury home frenzy began to change. Inflation picked up and the Federal Reserve raised interest rates sharply, which led to higher mortgage rates. By 2022–2023, interest rates on 30-year home loans had climbed above 6–7%, whereas they had been around 3% a couple of years earlier.
Higher rates increased the monthly cost of buying, even for wealthy buyers, and cooled the overall housing market. Some high-income households already purchased second homes or moved during 2020–21, so there were fewer new affluent buyers rushing in all at once. The stock market also saw volatility in 2022, which may have made some wealthy individuals feel a bit less rich than they did at the peak of 2021. These changes resulted in luxury home sales slowing down from their breakneck pace, and inventory of high-end homes grew somewhat in 2022 and 2023.
Resilience of Wealthy Buyers
However, it’s important to note that Oregon’s top earners were still active in the market, just a bit more selective. Unlike first-time buyers, those earning $500K could often wait out market fluctuations. Many had already secured their primary homes and were only considering purchases of additional properties or opportunistic upgrades.
So, while rising rates in 2022 caused a noticeable dip in overall home sales, the impact was cushioned for high-end buyers. They often had substantial equity and could make large down payments, mitigating the effect of higher interest costs. Some even bought homes outright without financing.
Thus, even as the broader market stabilized, Oregon’s wealthy households remained a driving force behind sales of the most expensive properties. In late 2023 and 2024, realtors noted that demand for luxury homes, while not as frenzied as 2021, was still healthy. Well-priced estates in prime locations continued to attract offers from high-net-worth individuals. The competition in 2024 was strongest for unique luxury homes (such as those with waterfront views, acreage, or architecturally significant designs), where wealthy buyers were willing to pay a premium.
Comparisons to Lower-Income Homebuyers
Widening Affordability Gap
The homebuying experience for Oregon’s high-income households has been dramatically different from that of middle- or lower-income households. High earners have benefited from rising incomes and greater wealth, allowing them to keep buying even as prices increased. In contrast, many lower-income families have found homeownership increasingly out of reach.
One reason is that home prices have risen much faster than typical incomes. While Oregon’s wealthy saw their earnings skyrocket, the typical Oregonian’s income has grown very slowly – the median Oregon income in 2021 (around $44,000) was barely 15% higher than it was in 1980 after adjusting for inflation. Meanwhile, housing costs have more than doubled over a similar period. This mismatch means that ordinary buyers simply can’t keep up with the cost of homes, especially in desirable areas.
Income Requirements for Homeownership
By 2024, to comfortably afford the median home in Oregon (with a standard mortgage), a family would need an income of roughly $168,000 per year. For context, a $168K income is over three times what the median renter household in Oregon earns. Many working-class and even middle-class families fall far short of that figure. Yet $168K is well below the $500K threshold that our high-income households earn.
This illustrates how buying a home that might be considered “average” or modest in price is easy for a $500K earner but nearly impossible for a low-income family. Lower-income households not only have smaller incomes, but they also struggle to save for down payments due to high rents and other expenses. As home prices climbed 34% in just a few years, the gap between what they could afford and the market reality widened. Many were effectively priced out of homeownership, or they had to move to less expensive rural areas and smaller towns.
Homeownership Disparities
The homeownership rate in Oregon reflects this divide. Most higher-income households own homes (often multiple properties), while many low-income households remain renters. Oregon has a significant housing affordability challenge: only about 27% of Black households and 46% of Latino households in Oregon own their homes, compared to 66-72% of White households (income disparities contribute to this gap).
While these statistics relate to racial groups, they also correlate with income – families of color in Oregon are disproportionately lower-income. The state has recognized these disparities and the need for more affordable housing solutions. But in the current market, the playing field is tilted. Wealthy buyers can bid well above asking price and waive contingencies, knowing they have financial cushion, whereas a moderate-income buyer might be limited to a strict budget and loan approval. In multiple-offer situations, the offers from high-income individuals (or investors backed by significant capital) often win out. This has led to frustration among average buyers, who feel they can’t compete.
Purchasing Power Differences
In summary, Oregon’s $500K+ earners have been insulated from many of the housing market’s barriers that others face. They have the means to buy bigger homes, sooner and more often, and even diversify into owning rental properties. Lower-income households, by comparison, have had to delay buying or abandon it entirely, and many remain renters for life. This contrast underlines how economic inequality translates into housing inequality: those with the highest incomes have ample choices and opportunities in the home market, while those with the lowest incomes have very few.
Vacation Homes and Investment Properties
Second Home Trends
High-income households in Oregon aren’t just buying primary residences – many are also purchasing vacation homes and investment properties. With their excess income and savings, affluent families often acquire second homes for leisure or as long-term investments. Oregon’s diverse landscapes provide a lot of tempting options for vacation properties: mountain cabins, beach cottages, lakefront houses, and ranch retreats.
Popular vacation destinations have seen a steady influx of wealthy buyers from within Oregon and out of state. Along the Oregon Coast, for example, a significant portion of homes are owned by people who do not live there year-round. State data shows that Oregon had about 55,500 homes classified as “seasonal, recreational, or occasional use” (vacation homes) as of the 2010 census – roughly 3.3% of all housing units. In tourist-heavy counties like Lincoln County and Tillamook County on the coast, nearly 26% of all housing units are vacation homes for part-time use. Likewise, Central Oregon (home to destinations like Bend, Sunriver, and Mt. Bachelor ski areas) has about 11.5% of its housing stock devoted to seasonal/vacation use.
Impact on Local Markets
These vacation properties are often bought by high-income individuals from the Portland area, California, Washington, or other states who want a getaway home. A family earning $500,000+ annually can relatively easily qualify for a second mortgage or pay cash for a $400,000–$800,000 vacation retreat. Many use these homes on weekends or summers and may eventually retire there. Some also rent them out part of the year as short-term rentals (through platforms like Airbnb or VRBO), generating income.
Owning vacation homes has become a status symbol and lifestyle perk for the wealthy, but it does have side effects on local housing markets. When affluent outsiders buy up homes in resort areas, it can drive up prices for local residents. The Oregon Office of Economic Analysis notes that in ski resort and coastal communities, housing demand “based in large part on external demand” (people buying second homes) puts increased pressure on moderately priced homes needed by the local workforce. Essentially, vacation-home buyers compete with locals for the same pool of houses, often outbidding them, which can lead to a shortage of affordable housing for year-round residents.
Investment Property Purchasing
In addition to vacation homes, many high-income households invest in other residential properties, such as rental houses or condos, purely for investment purposes. Real estate is seen as a stable, tangible investment that can appreciate and generate rental income. Over the last five years, with home values rising so quickly in Oregon, those who bought investment properties in, say, 2018 or 2019 have seen significant equity growth.
Some $500K+ earners own portfolios of rental homes – for example, they might buy a few single-family houses in growing cities like Salem or Eugene and rent them out. Others purchase small multifamily buildings (duplexes or fourplexes) as an investment. These high-income investors have the advantage of being able to make larger down payments and secure loans for additional properties, something not feasible for a typical middle-class family with one primary mortgage.
The trend of wealthy investors buying homes has raised concerns about reducing the supply available for owner-occupants. In Oregon’s tight housing market (vacancy rates are among the lowest in the nation at only ~7 homes per 100 homes vacant statewide), every home that becomes an investment rental or a part-time residence is one less home for a full-time resident buyer. Oregon’s state housing analysts have estimated the need to build thousands of additional homes per year partly to offset losses to second homes and short-term rentals that take housing stock away from local workers.
Benefits of Investment
That said, investment in real estate by high earners can also increase the rental supply (if they rent the homes out) and contribute to property tax revenues. Many high-income Oregonians feel real estate is a smart use of their money, alongside stocks and other investments. Over the last five years, with low interest rates up until 2022, leveraging cheap debt to buy property was an attractive proposition for those who could afford it. Vacation homes serve as both pleasure and profit for them – a place to enjoy, that also likely appreciates in value over time.
Geographic Distribution of Wealthy Homebuyers
Portland Metro Concentrations
Geographically, high-income homebuyers in Oregon tend to concentrate in certain areas. The Portland metro area, being the state’s economic hub, has the largest share of $500K+ earners and thus sees many of their home purchases. Within Portland, affluent buyers favor neighborhoods in the West Side hills (like Forest Park, the West Hills, and Council Crest), close-in upscale neighborhoods (like Eastmoreland or Laurelhurst), and high-end downtown condominiums (such as in the Pearl District).
In the suburbs, cities like Lake Oswego and West Linn to the south, and Westside suburbs like Bethany, Cedar Mill, and Tigard, attract wealthy professionals (tech executives, doctors, business owners, etc.) seeking larger homes. For instance, Bethany’s median household income is well into six figures, and it has one of the highest concentrations of high-earning families in Oregon. These areas boast excellent schools and amenities that high-income families desire.
Over the past five years, home values in these communities have climbed consistently due to strong demand from well-off buyers. Between 2014 and 2019, Portland’s median home sale price already rose 26% citywide, and since 2019 prices in many upscale Portland neighborhoods have risen even further (though growth slowed after 2022).
Central Oregon Appeal
Another magnet for high-income buyers has been Central Oregon, especially the Bend area. Bend offers a combination of natural beauty and a trendy small-city vibe that has drawn remote tech workers, entrepreneurs, and wealthy retirees. In the last five years, Bend’s housing market became one of the priciest in the state.
Upscale developments in and around Bend (like Tetherow or neighborhoods overlooking the Deschutes River) saw homes selling to out-of-town professionals who could work remotely. The region’s outdoor recreation opportunities (skiing, mountain biking, fishing) make it attractive for buyers seeking a lifestyle upgrade. Some buyers relocated permanently to Bend with their high salaries, while others bought second homes.
The influx of wealth pushed Bend’s median home price near record highs, reaching about $700K as mentioned earlier. This is dramatically higher than a decade ago, when Bend’s median was closer to $300K. Similar trends are seen in Deschutes County and nearby Jefferson and Crook counties, albeit to a lesser degree.
Coastal Property Demand
The Oregon Coast is another area where wealthy homebuyers have been active. From Astoria and Cannon Beach in the north, through Pacific City and Newport, down to Bandon and Gold Beach in the south, the coast has long attracted second-home buyers. In the last five years, coastal real estate has remained in high demand.
Notably, small coastal towns like Manzanita and Cannon Beach often have home prices that rival Portland’s, because so many Portlanders (and out-of-staters) with high incomes have purchased homes there for vacations or retirement. Coastal counties have a relatively small year-round population, but a large seasonal population due to these owners. As mentioned, nearly one in four to one in five homes in some coastal counties are held as vacation properties.
High-income buyers have kept prices elevated; a modest cottage with an ocean view can sell for a premium because the buyer pool includes affluent bidders looking for a beach escape. Over the last five years, supply on the coast has been tight, which means when a desirable beachfront or oceanview home comes up, it often receives strong offers. Local officials have noted that this external demand has made it harder for local workers (like fishing industry workers or hospitality employees) to afford housing in their own communities.
Other Desirable Areas
Besides these areas, high earners are also purchasing in the Willamette Valley wine country (Yamhill County, around Newberg and McMinnville, has seen wineries and vineyard estates bought by wealthy individuals), in Southern Oregon (Jackson and Josephine counties, where some Californians with high incomes have moved for a quieter lifestyle in places like Ashland or Jacksonville), and in parts of Eastern Oregon (a few ranches and rural luxury properties have been sold to rich buyers looking for expansive land). While the numbers of high-income buyers in these more rural regions are smaller, each such purchase can be notable in a small community.
Historical Perspective: Last 5 Years vs. the Previous 10 Years
The 2010s Recovery Period
It’s useful to step back and compare the recent five-year period (roughly 2019–2024) with the decade that came before it (2009–2018) in terms of high-income homebuying trends. The 2010s decade (after the Great Recession) was a time of recovery and steady growth in housing. Early in that decade, housing prices in Oregon were still recovering from the 2008 crash, and lending standards were tighter.
High-income households certainly were buying homes in the 2010s – in fact, Oregon saw a steady rise in million-dollar home sales as the economy expanded. But the growth was more gradual. For example, Portland’s median home price increased about 26% from 2014 to 2019, which is significant but spread over five years (roughly 4-5% per year). In contrast, from 2019 to 2023, Oregon’s median home values jumped about 34%, an even larger total increase in a shorter period. This indicates that the pace of price growth accelerated in the last five years compared to the prior decade.
Changing Wealth Patterns
In the 2010s, the number of high-income households was rising, but the really explosive growth at the top end happened toward the end of that decade and into the early 2020s. We know that over the entire 2010–2020 decade, $500K+ earners nearly tripled. Much of that increase occurred gradually year by year as the economy (and especially stock market and tech sector) flourished.
By 2019, Oregon had far more wealthy families than it did in 2010, setting the stage for their impact on the housing market. However, 2019–2024 brought unique factors: the pandemic, remote work, and unprecedented low interest rates followed by a sharp rate rise. These factors created a rollercoaster in the housing market that the prior 10 years simply didn’t have. In the earlier decade, mortgage rates mostly hovered in the 4-5% range and inflation was low and stable. In the recent five years, we saw rates dip to ~3% and then surge above 7%, and we saw a pandemic reshuffle where people’s housing preferences changed suddenly (e.g. desire for home offices, bigger yards, etc.).
Evolving Homebuying Patterns
For high-income homebuyers, the previous decade (2009–2018) was largely about recovery and expansion into new wealth segments. Tech companies in Oregon (like Intel, Nike, etc.) minted new high-paid employees, and many Californians moved to Oregon bringing wealth, but the phenomenon was somewhat slower and under the radar compared to the spike in 2020–2021.
Luxury homebuilding in the 2010s was steady: many high-end apartments and condos were built in Portland, and large suburban homes continued to go up, anticipating demand. In those years, high earners often bought homes in a fairly traditional pattern – e.g. buying in their 30s or 40s after building careers, possibly upgrading once.
In the last five years, by contrast, there was a sense of urgency and rapid change. High-income buyers acted quickly to secure properties when the opportunity arose (like the rush in 2020 when interest rates fell and people wanted more space). The volume of second-home purchases also likely increased faster in 2020–2021 than in prior years, as more people realized they could work remotely from a vacation house.
Another difference is that the investment mindset changed: in the 2010s, some wealthy individuals were still cautious from the housing bust and might have been slower to invest in multiple properties. By 2020, confidence had returned and real estate was seen as a hot investment again, so wealthy buyers were more inclined to buy extra properties.
Resilience Through Economic Cycles
It’s also notable that the past five years have highlighted the resilience of high-income buyers. During the Great Recession around 2008–2010 (just before our ten-year comparison window), even wealthy households pulled back from real estate as values plummeted. But during the COVID-19 recession in 2020, we saw high-income Oregon households actually increase their homebuying (given the 11% jump in $500K earners in 2020 and the luxury sales boom).
This was a very different dynamic. It suggests that the nature of economic downturns differed: the recent shocks often left the well-off relatively unscathed or even better off (e.g., stock market rebounded quickly in 2020), whereas lower-income people bore the brunt of job losses.
Summary of Market Evolution
Comparing the two periods, we can summarize: 2009–2018 was a period of recovery and moderate growth in high-end homebuying; Oregon’s wealthy population expanded, and housing prices rose steadily. 2019–2024 was a period of rapid, sometimes volatile changes, with record-breaking growth in luxury purchases early on, followed by adjustments to higher interest rates.
The underlying trend in both periods is upward – more high-income buyers and higher home values – but the last five years have been more intense. One clear metric of this intensity is home price gains: the annual price appreciation in the last five years averaged around 6% in Oregon, whereas earlier in the 2010s the appreciation was a bit lower on average (with exceptions in especially hot markets).
Additionally, the profile of buyers expanded: the previous decade’s buyers were often local high earners, whereas the past five years saw more out-of-state wealthy buyers entering Oregon’s market (thanks to remote work and Oregon’s relative affordability compared to California).
In summary, Oregon’s housing landscape for affluent buyers has evolved from a steady climb in the 2010s to a more dramatic trajectory in recent years. The last half-decade amplified trends that were already in motion – more rich households and rising luxury demand – and added new twists like the pandemic-driven relocation trend. As we move beyond 2024, it remains to be seen if the market will return to a steadier rhythm like the 2010s or continue to be characterized by the high highs and low lows that marked the early 2020s.
References
- Richest Town in Every State
- Luxury-Home Sales Rise 42% in First Quarter, Far Outpacing 7% Growth in Affordable-Home Sales
- Bend Housing Market: House Prices & Trends
- Oregon’s Rich Have Never Been Richer
- Housing Statistics for Oregon (2024)
- Seasonal Housing
- Update on Rural Housing Affordability
- Oregon Has the Nation’s Second-Tightest Housing Market
- Oregon needs to build 29,500 more homes each year, chief economist says
- State of Housing in Portland 2021
